Background: Age-related factors, such as comorbidities, psychophysical status and social conditions, make it necessary to individualize anticancer treatment in some patients. The purpose of the study was to assess factors affecting the extent of surgical treatment in elderly breast cancer patients. Material and methods: The study included 104 women aged 65–93 years, who were treated for breast cancer in a single medical center between 2015 and 2016. A standard evaluation form was completed for each patient, excluding personal data and age, but containing clinical data necessary for the qualification for surgery. Based on the completed questionnaires, hypothetical qualification for surgery was performed by a primary medical team. The results of the anonymous qualification were subsequently compared with the previous, actual qualification, and – based on medical documentation – an attempt was made to identify factors affecting the individualization of surgical treatment. Results: Modification of the actual treatment compared to the anonymous qualification was reported for 34% of patients in the study group. More extensive surgeries were performed in 28, less extensive in 7; more radical breast surgery in 22, and more radical surgery in the area of axillary lymph nodes in 10 patients. Five patients underwent minor breast surgery and one patient – a less extensive surgery of the lymphatic system. Conclusions: Surgical decisions depended on patient’s overall health, comorbidities, anatomical aspects and personal preferences regarding the type of therapy. It was shown that age, tumor size and previous neoadjuvant treatment caused no discrepancies between the anonymous and the actual qualification.