Efficacious primary, secondary and tertiary preventive measures are necessary for effective reduction of mortality due to cervical cancer. Currently, greater awareness of the role of cytology in cervical cancer prevention is observed among Polish women. Cervical Cancer Prevention Program was implemented to ensure efficient functioning of the preventive program, which is a part of the National Program for Fighting Cancer. Its implementation is intended to create a system allowing for long-term, continuous active screening for cervical cancer in Poland (i.e. preventive and screening testing); to improve women’s attendance at cervical cancer screening; to increase women’s awareness of cervical cancer prevention; to monitor patients with detected cancer; to ensure the maximum and effective use of financial resources allocated for cervical cancer prevention. There is a need to continuously improve the efficacy of screening program as well as to develop effective methods for the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Loop electrosurgical excision is the most common method for the removal of dysplastic lesions. Cryotherapy is one of the oldest methods used in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Although this technique has been used in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia since late 60’s of the last century, its efficacy still remains a subject for research.