According to statistics, ovarian cancer is the fourth cause of death due to gynecologic cancer. It results from late diagnosis of the disease, caused by the lack of characteristic symptoms, as well as from unsatisfactory treatment methods due to e.g. cell resistance to chemotherapy. The search for new therapies is still in progress. It is believed that preparations whose activity is based on RNA interference, i.e. gene silencing with the use of siRNA, are a promising group of new antineoplastic medications. Fire et al. were awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering this phenomenon. The phenomenon of siRNA interference in healthy cells is a natural protective mechanism. Genes are silenced in the cytoplasm with the use of the Dicer enzyme. siRNA gene preparations are delivered into cells with the use of viral methods such as AAV or adenoviruses, as well as non-viral methods e.g. with the use of liposomes. Clinical trials concerning siRNA preparations are now in the first phase. They are conducted on two gene preparations: CALAA-01 and siRNA nanomolecule directed against PLK1. In this paper attention was drawn to the therapeutic meaning of siRNA sequences in relation to the following genes: MDR1, VEGF, MMP, CD44, HER2, SHH, STAT. Both experimental and clinical studies give hope for the use of the described mechanisms in fight with ovarian cancer in the future.