Introduction: Retinoids are essential for the maintenance of epithelial differentiation and play a fundamental role in chemoprevention of epithelial carcinogenesis. Retinoids exert their biological functions through nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR). The present study made an effort to analyze serum blood concentration of retinoids in women with cervical cancer as well as to assess an expression of RARs and RXRs in postoperative cervical cancer tissues HPV 16/18 positive. Material and methods: The study material included tissue samples of 42 squamous cell carcinoma, 7 samples of adenocarcinoma cervix uteri and 26 samples carcinoma in situ. The assessment of serum level of retinol, expression of retinoid receptors and presence of HPVs genome was performed. Results and conclusions: The mean retinol content in blood serum of patients with cervical cancer associated with HPV infection type 16 and/or 18 was lower than in controls. The level of RARα, RARβ and RXRβ mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the study group of women with CIS, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cervix to compare morphologically to the control women. In squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma in situ were found to exhibit a decreased expression of RARα by about 75%, RARβ by 90%, RXRβ by 70% and 83% respectively compared to the control tissues. Among adenocarcinomas RARα, RARβ, RXRβ were expressed in 10%. In the study cancer tissues RARγ, RXRα and RXRγ were expressed on the same level as in the control tissues.