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Borderline tumors of the ovary – diagnosis and treatment

Janina Markowska1, Monika Pawałowska1, Jacek Grabowski1, Zbigniew Kojs2

Affiliacja i adres do korespondencji
CURR. GYNECOL. ONCOL. 2010, 8 (3), p. 160-165
Streszczenie

Borderline tumors of the ovary account for 10-20% of all epithelial cancers of this organ. They are usually diagnosed at clinical stage I, mainly in women of reproductive age. The tumor is unilateral in 60-90% of the cases. Most of the tumors are serous (37-50% of total). The mucinous variant is less frequent and the least frequent is the endometrioid variety. Histological diagnosis of borderline tumors is based on lack of destructive stromal infiltration. A characteristic feature of these tumors is the presence of peritoneal seeding, both invasive and non-invasive, associated mainly with serous and mucinous tumor types. A special form of borderline tumor is the serous borderline tumor with micropapillary pattern. Unfavorable prognosis is associated with the bowel type of mucinous borderline tumor, particularly when coexisting with peritoneal pseudomyxoma, often originating from the vermiform appendix. Development of borderline cancers results from mutations in the BRAF and KRAS genes, which are present in 47-60% of serous tumors. Sparing surgery indicated in early clinical stages (I and II) in women under 40, who wish to preserve their fertility. In all other cases, even at early clinical stages, standard procedure consists in hysterectomy combined with adnexectomy and omentectomy. In advanced stages, the aim of surgery is total cytoreduction, if feasible. Mucinous tumors require concomitant appendectomy. Recurrent cases usually are reoperated, particularly when the primary procedure was a sparing one. Chemotherapy does not improve treatment outcomes.

Słowa kluczowe
borderline tumors of the ovary, borderline tumors, borderline-malignancy tumors, peritoneal pseudomyxoma, treatment of borderline ovarian tumors