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The management of the gestational trophoblastic disease

Mariola Drabik, Wojciech Michalski

Affiliacja i adres do korespondencji
GIN ONKOL 2006, 4 (2), p. 79-89
Streszczenie

The gestational trophoblastic disease comprises 4 different diseases, i.e. hydatiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and placental site tumour. Their common feature is the excretion of HCG and high chemosensitivity (with the exception of the placental site tumour). In the low-risk group the curability reaches 100%, thanks to single-agent therapy with methotrexate or dactinomycin. In the high-risk group, multi-drug chemotherapy is used; the most common regimen is EMA-CO: etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, vincristine and cyclophosphamide. The response rate is about 80%. The presence of brain metastases (10%) requires simultaneous radio- and chemotherapy. Many time, the treatment is preceded by excision of the metastatic tumour on craniotomy. There have been attempts at radiotherapy and/or hepatic arteries embolisation in case of liver metastases (10%). Metastatic lesion in the lungs (80%) require long chemotherapy, but after HCG decreases to normal limits, residual lesions in the lungs are merely radiological findings and do not require further treatment. The management of relapses is a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. The leading regimen is EMA-CE: etoposide, methotrexate, dactinomycin and cisplatin. High-dose chemotherapy with subsequent stem cells transplantation is attempted. Rescue regimens in the recurrent disease are successfully based on paclitaxel, cisplatin and etoposide. The follow-up consists in determination of the serum HCG concentration.

Słowa kluczowe
gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), chemotherapy, metastases, combined treatment, relapses, follow-up